Roberto Sebastián Antonio Matta Echaurren nasce a Santiago del Cile l’11 novembre 1911. Dopo aver studiato architettura all’Universidad Católica di Santiago si reca a Parigi nel 1934 per lavorare come apprendista nello studio dell’architetto Le Corbusier. Verso il 1935 incontra il poeta Federico García Lorca, Salvador Dalí, André Breton e nel 1937 abbandona l’atelier di Le Corbusier per aderire al movimento surrealista. Nello stesso anno i disegni di Matta sono esposti alla mostra dei surrealisti alla Galerie Wildenstein di Parigi. Nel 1938 inizia a dipingere a olio, realizzando una serie di paesaggi fantastici che egli chiama inscapes (paesaggi interiori) o “morfologie psichiche”. Nel 1939 fugge dall’Europa e si trasferisce a New York dove frequenta gli altri surrealisti emigrati fra i quali Ernst, Tanguy, Masson e Breton. Nel 1940 la Julien Levy Gallery di New York presenta la prima personale dei suoi dipinti e nel 1942 l’artista partecipa alla mostra “Artists in Exile” alla Pierre Matisse Gallery di New York. Durante gli anni ‘40 la pittura di Matta anticipa molte innovazioni dell’Espressionismo astratto, influenzando molti artisti della cosiddetta Scuola di New York, in particolare gli amici Gorky e Motherwell, ed è visto dalle nuove generazioni di artisti come uno dei maestri a cui guardare e ispirarsi nella pittura contemporanea. Verso la fine della guerra elabora immagini sempre più mostruose nelle quali la presenza di forme meccaniche e di effetti cinematografici rivela l’influenza di Duchamp, incontrato nel 1944. Nel 1948 rompe con i surrealisti e ritorna in Europa stabilendosi a Roma nel 1953. Nel 1956 realizza una pittura murale per il palazzo dell’UNESCO a Parigi. L’anno dopo il Museum of Modem Art di New York gli dedica un’importante retrospettiva, successivamente presentata all’Institute of Contemporary Art di Boston e al Walker Art Center di Minneapolis. Espone alla Biennale di San Paolo nel 1962, a Berlino nel 1970 e ad Hannover nel 1974. Nel 1990 riceve il Premio Nazionale d’Arte del Cile e tiene una retrospettiva delle sue opere nel Museo di Belle Arti di Santiago. L’artista muore a Civitavecchia, Roma, il 23 novembre 2002.
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